霉酚酸盐

霉酚酸盐is sometimes prescribed under the names mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium.

霉酚酸盐有多种用途。当规定为disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD), it should help control your condition and reduce damage to your joints and other organs such as your lungs, kidneys and blood vessels.

Like all DMARDs, mycophenolate slows down how active your condition is, rather than just treating how its symptoms affect you. It works by reducing the activity of your body’s immune system.

当您的免疫系统正常工作时，它会通过抵抗感染和疾病来保护您。但是在炎症条件下，您的免疫系统可能会错误地攻击身体的一部分，例如肺，肾脏和血管。

霉酚酸盐用于治疗几种不同的疾病，包括：

• 狼疮和其他结缔组织障碍，包括scleroderma（Skle-Ro-derm-A）
• rheumatoid arthritis(roo-ma-toy-d arth-ri-tus)
• 银屑病关节炎（Saw-re-at-Ik arth-ri-tis）
• conditions in which there’s inflammation of blood vessels, such asvasculitis（vask-you-lie-tis）。

有时也将其用作影响眼睛的炎症疾病的一部分，例如葡萄膜炎（You-Ve-eye-Tis）或肠，例如Crohn病（CR-OH-NZ DIZ-EEZ）。

器官移植后还使用了霉酚酸盐，因为它有助于阻止免疫系统拒绝新器官。

霉酚酸盐doesn’t work immediately. It may be up to four months before you notice any benefit.

霉酚酸盐通常作为胶囊或片剂给出，具体取决于所需的剂量。尽管它也是可注射的输液和口服溶液制造的。

Usually you’ll be advised to take one dose a day for the first week. This will then go up to two doses a day as your medication is increased.

您不应该粉碎或咀嚼霉酚酸盐。您应该始终吞下它们。建议您将食物和水胶囊或平板电脑取，因为这会阻止您感到恶心并感到胃痛。您的医生或药剂师将为您提供正确的剂量。

即使起初似乎没有工作，也要继续服用霉酚酸味。当您的症状开始改善时继续服用它也很重要，因为这将有助于控制您的病情。

霉酚酸盐can cause a number of side effects, including:

• 感到恶心
• 腹泻（dy-a-ree-ah）
• vomiting
• stomach pains.

Whilst you’re taking mycophenolate, tell your doctor,rheumatology nurse如果您开始遇到任何新症状或任何与您有关的新症状，或者是药剂师。如果您有：

• 喉咙痛
• 发烧
• 流感样症状
• 不断咳嗽或呼吸问题
• 您的心脏在异常跳动的感觉
• 突然的体重减轻
• 无法解释的瘀伤或出血
• unexplained changes in mood
• headaches – particularly if you don’t usually get them
• acne or a skin rash
• swollen gums or an unusual taste in your mouth.

如果这些症状中的任何一个都严重，您的医生可能建议您停止服用霉菌酸盐。但最好与您的医生或您的成员交谈风湿病团队before making any changes to your treatment.

如果您与带有带状疱疹或水痘的任何人接触，或者您自己得到他们，则应尽快去看医生。

These infections can affect you badly if you’re on mycophenolate. You may need antiviral treatment, and your mycophenolate may be stopped until you’re better.

Tips to reduce your risk of infection

• Try to avoid close contact with people you know have an infection.
• Wash your hands regularly and carry around a small bottle of antibacterial hand gel.
• 定期刷牙来保持嘴巴清洁。
• 如果您是吸烟者，请停止吸烟。
• 确保您的食物存储并准备好。
• Try to keep your house clean and hygienic, especially the kitchen, bathrooms and toilets.

尽管这并不常见，但使用霉酚酸盐的人患某些类型的癌症（例如皮肤癌）的风险略有增加。但是，两者之间的联系尚不清楚。

早期诊断时，通常可以成功治疗皮肤癌。为了安全起见，请确保佩戴防晒霜，并定期检查您的皮肤是否有任何新斑点或雀斑或痣的更改。

Very rarely, patients treated with mycophenolate can develop a serious condition called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pro-gress-iv mul-tee-fo-cul low-ko-en-kef-a-lop-afy), which is also known as PML, which can damage the brain and spinal cord. You must see your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:

• 如坐针毡
• weakness, shaky movements or unsteadiness
• 视线损失
• 语音问题
• 行为或心情的变化
• 难以移动您的脸，手臂或腿部

霉酚酸盐can affect the blood count and can sometimes cause liver or kidney problems. As a precaution, your doctor will arrange for you to have a blood test before you start treatment and regular blood tests while you’re taking mycophenolate. Keep a note of when your blood tests are due and remind your doctor about them.

Take your missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next one. If you have missed a tablet, don’t take any more than your regular dose to make up for it.

如果我服用过多的霉酚盐怎么办？

If you take too much of your medication you may experience some of the side effects mentioned previously.

If you think you have taken too much mycophenolate call your风湿病团队或立即在111上的NHS热线索引，并寻求建议。

您也可以通过其网站与NHS热线团队联系111.nhs.net。

霉酚酸盐may be prescribed along with other drugs to treat your condition. But some drugs can interact with mycophenolate.

在开始任何新药物之前，最好先与您的医生交谈，以确保治疗可以一起进行。

You can carry on takingnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such asibuprofen, or painkillers, if needed, unless your doctor advises otherwise.

However, you shouldn’t take over-the-counter preparations or herbal remedies without first discussing them with your doctor,rheumatology nurse specialist或药剂师。

您应该告诉任何其他医疗保健专业人员，例如医生，药剂师，牙医或护士，您都在服用霉菌盐。

如果您要服用霉酚酸盐，则应避免使用活疫苗，例如黄热病。但是，在某些情况下，可能需要实时疫苗，因此请与您的药剂师或医生联系，以寻求他们的建议。

最好保护您免受最常见的肺炎原因和年度流感疫苗的影响，这是一个好主意。在您接受霉酚酸酯治疗时，这些都可以安全。

If you're going to have an operation, discuss this with your风湿病团队。他们会告诉您是否应该在手术前继续服用霉酚酸盐。

霉酚酸盐and alcohol can both affect your liver, so you should only drink alcohol in small amounts.

政府指南表示，男女每周的酒精都不超过14个单位的酒精，并且您应该在一周中散布这些酒，而不是一口气（Drinkaware）。

您可以在www.drinkaware.co.uk。

建议可能会有所不同，有些风湿病学家may suggest stricter limits. If you’re concerned you should discuss your alcohol intake with your rheumatology team.

You shouldn’t take mycophenolate while you’re trying for a baby, pregnant or breastfeeding. It does not affect your fertility, but it can affect your unborn child.

Your doctor may discuss your future plans for a family before prescribing mycophenolate. Whether you’re a man or woman, you’ll be advised to use one, if not two, methods of contraception while you’re being treated with mycophenolate.

如果您想尝试婴儿，则应在停止使用避孕措施之前先与医生交谈。

建议妇女在停止治疗后等待六个星期，然后才试图受孕。建议男人等待13周，然后停止使用避孕。这使药物可以完全离开您的系统。

If you’re taking mycophenolate and you think you or your partner may be pregnant, contact your doctor immediately, they will be able to advise you on the best course of action.

如果有可能怀孕，请在开始霉酚酸酯之前进行妊娠测试。

如果您在霉酚酸酯上，您不应该母乳喂养，因为该药物可能会进入您的母乳。这可能对您的宝宝有害。