COVID-19的疫苗 - 您的问题已回答

Last updated: 22 December 2021

There are some types of arthritis which are caused by the body’s immune system, which usually protects us from infection. When the immune system is affected by arthritis or drugs to treat the condition, the risk from COVID-19 is increased.

捕获Covid-19的人可能会变得非常不适。即使没有健康状况，许多人也需要医院治疗。

Vaccines are a good way for people with rheumatology conditions to stay safe. Vaccines teach the immune system to recognise infections, stopping people becoming unwell.

你可以find out more about vaccines on ourVaccinations webpage。

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has produced someadvice on the COVID-19 vaccine and priority groups to decide the order in which people should receive the vaccine。

JCVI建议适用于英国的所有四个国家。

Who can get the vaccine currently?

The vaccine is currently available to everyone over 12. People aged over 16 will be contacted by the NHS when it’s their turn to get the vaccine.

那些年龄在12至15岁之间的人能够服用两剂辉瑞-biontech Covid-19疫苗，第二剂在第一次剂量后12周。您可以在我们的网页上找到更多信息：新冠肺炎 |儿童和年轻人的信息。

2021年9月，JCVI宣布，应在第一剂和第二剂疫苗时严重抑制免疫系统的人应为第三剂提供第三次剂量。这不是助推剂量，而是额外的剂量，可以增加您从Covid-19的保护。然后，患有抑制免疫系统的人将有资格获得第三次初级剂量三个月后的助推器。

你可以find out who is able to get a third dose of the vaccine, and a booster dose, in the sections below.

在英国, you can access theonline national booking system在上午7点至晚上11点之间进行预约或致电119。

In Scotland, if you're in the priority groups, you should already have been invited for the vaccine. If you haven't, contact your GP or访问NHS信息网站。你可以在线预约，如果您有资格获得疫苗。

在威尔士，如果尚未邀请他们接受疫苗，一些NHS当地卫生委员会要求优先团体中的人们取得联系。查找您当地的NHS健康委员会。

In Northern Ireland, if you’re 18 or older, you can在线预约。

我们知道，有些人可能会受到Covid-19风险增加的人可能仍然担心参观其GP实践或当地疫苗现场以接种疫苗。

有些事情你可以降低你的风险COVID-19 outside the home, such as wearing a mask, washing your hands regularly, and keeping a distance from other people as much as possible. All healthcare settings delivering the vaccine, including GP practices, still require patients to wear a mask and maintain social distance to lower the COVID-19 risk.

If you are offered the vaccine and delay taking it, you leave yourself at risk of COVID-19.

欺诈意识

有一些报道的人接受已婚的女人dulent calls, emails and text messages offering the COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccine is not available privately and a genuine contact from the NHS won’t ask for payment as the vaccine is free.

由于健康状况或治疗，将第三剂COVID-19疫苗提供给严重抑制免疫系统的人。

This is because research has found that people in this group are less likely to have received a good level of protection from their first two doses of the vaccine. A third dose is being offered to this group to try to increase their initial levels of protection.

Booster jabs are being offered to everyone over 18, and some people in other age groups, three months after the last dose of their initial course. See the section below for details on who can have a booster dose.

您可以下载流程图，以帮助您解决，如果您有资格获得第三剂量或Covid-19疫苗的助推器(PDF, 57 KB).

本流程图中提供的信息是基于来自英国风湿病学会。

In September 2021, the JCVI announced that people who have severely suppressed immune systems at the time of their first and second doses of the vaccine would be able to get a third dose.

This is not a booster dose, but an additional ‘top-up’ dose to increase protection from COVID-19 for people who may not have not had a good response from the first two doses. People who have a third dose will be offered their booster after three months. Your GP or rheumatology team will invite you for your booster dose when it's due.

根据JCVI的指导，the British Society of Rheumatology (BSR)has recommended that that most people who were taking the following treatments during the time of their first two doses, be offered a third dose of the vaccine:

• Conventional DMARDs, such as甲氨蝶呤,azathioprine,mycophenolate mofetil。
• 抗TNF生物制剂，例如infliximab,adalimumab,etanercept,golimoumab,CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL。
• 其他生物制剂，例如rituximab,tocilizumab,Abatacept,ustekinumab,secukinumab,belimumab。
• JAK inhibitors, such asBariticinib,tofacitinib，upadacitinib，filgotinib。
• Prednisolone (steroid tablets) at doses of at least 10mg per day.

这不包括dmards磺胺嗪或者hydroxychloroquine。

A third dose is recommended at least 8 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine.

并非所有患有或正在接受这些治疗方法的人都需要接受第三次剂量。您的医生应该能够告诉您是否应该根据病史获得第三剂。

Rheumatology teams and GPs have been asked to review their patient records and invite people with severely suppressed immune systems to get their third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Everyone who is eligible for a third dose of the vaccine should have been contacted by either their rheumatology team or GP by 11 October.

If you have not been invited to receive a third dose, but you think you should have been, you should contact your GP or rheumatology team.

如果您服用的药物随着时间的流逝而改变，或者您从不同的医生那里得到处方，那么医生可能很难正确地识别您有资格获得第三剂。与您的GP一起确认您作为严重免疫抑制的人的身份可能会有所帮助，以安排第三次Covid-19-19-19疫苗。

你可以下载此信件模板以帮助您注册GP，以免受到严重免疫抑制。(PDF, 116KB)

今年秋天和冬季，有Covid-19的风险最多的人将能够将辉瑞/Biontech或Moderna疫苗的加强剂量剂量，尽管有些人可能会提供牛津/阿斯利康疫苗。如果您的助推剂量与您今年早些时候的疫苗不同，那很好。

Booster doses will be available for the following people:

• 18岁及以上的人
• people who live and work in care homes
• 一线健康和社会护理工作者
• 16岁及以上的人患有健康状况，这使他们处于高风险中，即从Covid-19患病，但没有受到严重抑制的免疫系统（改为提供第三个初始剂量的疫苗））
• 16岁及以上的照顾者
• people aged 16 and over who live with someone who is more likely to get infections (such as someone who has lupus or rheumatoid arthritis).

在轮到您完成助推器剂量的情况下，NHS将与您联系，这将在您完成初始课程后至少三个月。对于大多数人来说，这将是两次初次剂量之后。如果您的初始课程是三种疫苗剂量，因为您的免疫系统受到抑制，则助推器将在您的第三次剂量后3个月。

如果您有第三次剂量，那么您的GP或风湿病团队将邀请您进行助推器剂量。如果您有一封信邀请您参加第三剂，则应该能够在步入式COVID-19疫苗接种现场获得助推器，但是您需要随身携带这封信。

您可以找到有关谁能够在上面的部分中有第三剂的更多信息。

Covid-19有许多开发疫苗，但我们不知道何时可以使用。到目前为止，在英国可使用三种Covid-19疫苗 - 辉瑞/Biontech疫苗，牛津阿斯利康疫苗和现代疫苗。

建议如果有可用的话，将18至39岁的人在没有潜在的健康状况的情况下提供替代牛津阿斯利康疫苗。这不适用于在疫苗优先4或6中的18至39岁之间的人。JCVI的哪个优先小组包括关节炎的人。

If you’ve already had the first dose of your Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine, you should still get your second dose. If you have a condition that causes problems with how your blood clots, speak to your healthcare professional for advice.

此页面涵盖了英国当前可用的三种疫苗。

There are many different types of vaccinations for COVID-19 in development around the world, which act in slightly different ways to cause the immune system to respond.

辉瑞/Biontech和Moderna疫苗使用遗传密码的位来引起免疫反应，称为mRNA疫苗。牛津阿斯利康疫苗使用已失活的实际病毒来引起免疫反应。这些是向人体展示Covid-19的样子的安全方法，因此免疫系统可以更好地准备与COVID-19的感染作斗争。

People with some types of arthritis take medicines to suppress the immune system. In general people on these treatments need to avoid live vaccines. You can find out more about live vaccines and how they can affect people taking drugs to suppress the immune system on our疫苗接种网页。

All of the COVID-19 vaccines available in the UK are safe for people with arthritis and people taking drugs that suppress the immune system, even if your condition is active.

The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are not made from a real virus, and people who take medicines to suppress the immune system can have these vaccines.

尽管牛津阿斯利康疫苗是由真正的病毒制成的，但它已被灭活，因此也不会引起严重的感染，即使在被抑制的免疫系统中也是如此。这意味着对正在药物的人抑制免疫系统是安全的。

People on drugs that suppress the immune system are on the priority list for vaccination that has been produced by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI).

没有充分的证据表明疫苗suitable than another for people who are on drugs that suppress the immune system. It may take many months of further research to determine this.

People with suppressed immune systems who need a third dose of the vaccine will usually be offered the Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna vaccine if they’re over 18, regardless of what initial vaccine they received for their first and second doses. However, JCVI guidance does allow for Oxford AstraZeneca to also be used for third doses if it is available. The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is preferred for third doses in people aged 12 to 17.

最近的试验表明，混合疫苗类型是安全的，并且不会降低COVID-19的保护水平。

如果您提供了疫苗并延迟服用，那么您将使自己有Covid-19的风险。

Some people who are taking drugs that suppress the immune system may be given advice to continue avoiding exposure to COVID-19 after they have had the vaccination. This is because their medications could mean their immune system doesn't respond as strongly to the vaccine as people who don't take these drugs.

患有严重抑制的免疫系统的人，无论是由于其状况还是服药，通常仅在一剂疫苗后获得更低的保护水平，因此，对于该组而言，要获得所有推荐的疫苗剂量非常重要为了尽可能受到保护。

The OCTAVE study is exploring the effectiveness of the vaccine after two doses in people with autoimmune conditions. Read more about the八度研究及其初始结果。

建议对严重抑制免疫系统的人进行第三次疫苗。对于那些可能没有完全回应前两剂的人来说，这是一种“充值”，以最大程度地提高该小组的保护水平。

如果您提供了疫苗并延迟服用，那么您将使自己有Covid-19的风险。

If you’re already taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you shouldn’t stop or delay these to have the vaccine, as doing this could cause you to have a flare-up, which can increase your risk from COVID-19.

If you haven’t yet started treatment with medicines that suppress the immune system, or if you’re about to have a repeat course of treatment to suppress the immune system, it might be a good idea to delay this for a period after you have had a dose of the vaccine. But you should only think about doing this if your rheumatology team say that it is safe to delay your treatment.

Everyone in the UK will need to follow government advice on reducing the spread of COVID-19, even after they have had the vaccine. People who are clinically extremely vulnerable will need to follow the local advice for this group, even if they have been vaccinated against COVID-19.

It’s fine for you to have the vaccine while you’re taking类固醇。如果您服用类固醇或最近有一个，没有理由推迟疫苗类固醇注射或完成类固醇治疗的过程。

将类固醇作为片剂，液体，注射或滴注可能意味着您的免疫系统对疫苗的反应不如不服用这些药物的人。这意味着可能建议您在获得屏蔽和社会距离指南方面遵循建议，如果您可能需要第三剂疫苗作为初始课程的一部分。类固醇面霜或眼滴不应影响您的免疫系统或对疫苗的反应。

您的医疗保健团队可能想讨论与您延迟剂量的类固醇或类固醇注射的情况，尤其是在获得Covid-19的高风险时。重要的是，不要在不与医疗保健专业人员交谈的情况下停止服用类固醇药物，因为这可能会使您有发生爆发的风险，这可能会增加您的Covid-19风险。

众所周知，儿童和年轻人患有Covid-19的严重疾病风险非常低，包括关节炎和相关疾病。

The government has said that children aged between 12 and 15 can receive two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.

看到我们的奉献精神网页以获取有关关节炎儿童和年轻人的COVID-19的更多信息。

It’s recommended that pregnant women are offered either the Moderna or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine at the same time as the rest of their age group, or if they are at an increased risk of COVID-19 due to a medical condition or treatment.

If you have already received a dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine and are pregnant, it’s still fine for you to have a second dose of this vaccine.

It’s recommended that breastfeeding women can receive any of the available COVID-19 vaccines, as long as it’s suitable for them. Trials on using the vaccines during pregnancy and breastfeeding are still in the early stages, but there is nothing to suggest that they are harmful during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

如果您怀孕或母乳喂养，您的医生或助产士将能够为您提供更多建议，并根据我们到目前为止的证据与您讨论疫苗接种的好处和风险。

指南建议人们在一周内没有进行大手术和疫苗。这是因为手术和疫苗都会引起发烧。

The person giving you the vaccine will be able to let you know about any side effects that you can expect, and these may differ depending on which of the vaccines you have. It’s common to have some pain at the injection site following a vaccination.

As well as pain at the site of the injection, you may other side effects that include feeling tired, achy, feverish or sick, or have a headache. If you do have side effects, they usually come on shortly after the vaccination and are not linked with more serious or lasting illness.

如果您对疫苗有任何不良反应，请务必告诉医疗保健专业人员，以便他们将其报告给Yellow Card Scheme。Anyone is free to use the scheme to report adverse reactions, but it’s still important to tell a healthcare professional if this happens to you.

All three of the vaccines are thought to offer short-term protection after the first dose. The second dose is important for longer-term protection from COVID-19.

研究表明，牛津阿斯利康疫苗在每10人中大约有7人中阻止了19例COVID-19，并且从第一次注射后的14天就没有严重的病例。辉瑞/Biontech疫苗在每10例患者中（95％）中有9多种可预防19日，并在第一次剂量后10天开始工作。发现现代疫苗可防止在试验中首次剂量后，每10人（92％）中有9多人（92％）预防Covid-19。

建议对严重抑制免疫系统的人进行第三次疫苗。This is being given as a ‘top-up’ to increase protection levels for people who may not have had a full response to their first two doses, rather than as a booster to stop high immunity levels from lowering.

对于已经有Covid-19的人来说，可以使用疫苗。尚不清楚您的身体对Covid-19的最后一次抗体的最后时间，因此疫苗可以提供更多的保护或增强您的身体已经制造的任何抗体。

如果您正在寻找支持，尤其是在这些不确定的时期，我们会在这里为您服务。阅读我们的敬业coronavirus informationwith signposting to the latest official government advice and guidance.

• 致电我们的免费Helplineon 0800 5200 520, or emailhelpline@versusarthritis.org(Mon-Fri 9am – 6pm)
• Chat toCOVA, our COVID-19 virtual assistant, 24/7
• 与我们的其他人建立联系online community。
• 跟着我们推特,Facebook和Instagram。