手和腕部的骨关节炎

什么是骨关节炎?

骨关节炎是关节炎的最常见形式,手和腕关节是最常见的。关节是两个或多个骨头相遇的身体的一部分。骨头的末端被光滑湿滑的表面覆盖,称为软骨。这使骨骼可以彼此平稳地移动并保护关节免受压力。

每个人的关节都经历了损坏和维修的循环,并且修复过程通常非常有效。但是有时会导致关节的形状或结构变化。

骨关节炎会导致关节中的软骨变薄,并且关节的表面变得更粗糙,这意味着关节可能不会像应有的那样顺利移动,并且他们可能会感到疼痛和僵硬。

您可能在手指关节上有牢固的旋转肿胀。这些被称为Heberden的节点或Bouchard的节点,具体取决于受影响的关节。它们是由称为骨植物的骨刺的生长引起的。

Osteoarthritis can affect anyone at any age, but it's more common in women over the age of 50.

Some of the factors that can make you more likely to develop osteoarthritis in your hands include:

  • being female
  • 您继承的基因
  • 以前的伤害
  • 长时间执行重复任务。

手中哪些关节受到影响?

索引和中指以及拇指是最常见的手的部分。许多人发现,他们最多使用的手比其他人更受影响。

当手指受到影响时,它可能位于最接近指甲或手指中间的关节中。在大指关节中患有骨关节炎,手指碰到手的大关节不常见。

拇指底部的关节也可能受到骨关节炎的影响。有时,手腕关节可能会受到影响。

手和腕关节。

它将如何影响我?

随着时间的流逝,手动骨关节炎的症状可能会有所不同。您可能会度过美好的日子和坏日子。您可能会发现这取决于您在做什么,但有时可能没有任何明显的原因。

如果关节发炎,那么它们看起来可能会肿胀,红色,并感到温暖和柔软。您可能会感到疼痛,尤其是在用手时,但有时甚至在休息时。肿胀还会导致关节周围的软组织伸展,这会使您的手感到虚弱或不稳定。

As we use our hands such a lot in daily life, pain, stiffness or poor grip strength can cause problems with a wide variety of tasks and activities including:

  • 打开罐子和罐子
  • 拿着笔或餐具
  • doing up buttons or zips
  • 处理钱
  • 洗澡或淋浴后剃须,刷牙或干燥。

Hand osteoarthritis often tends to 'burn out' after a time. It may be painful for a few years and then the pain may improve, especially if only the small finger joints are affected. Any firm, knobbly swellings or nodes that have developed will remain though. And the range of movement in the joints doesn't always improve even when the pain does.

有时,天气,尤其是寒冷的天气会使您的症状恶化。但是,天气不会影响长期前景或状况如何进展。

在手指关节处发展开关肿胀或节点的人往往会增加发展的风险膝盖的骨关节炎as well. However, many people with hand osteoarthritis will never develop it in any other joints.

一个调用的条件carpal tunnel syndrome有时会因手腕骨关节炎而发展。这是通过腕关节或神经旁边的肌腱肿胀挤压手的神经的地方。这可能会导致手中的软弱,麻木或销钉和针头。它也会引起疼痛,尤其是在晚上。如果您定期出现这些症状,则应该看到您的全科医生。

如何诊断手骨关节炎?

It's often possible for your doctor to diagnose osteoarthritis of the hand from your symptoms and a simple examination, without any need for tests. Although x-rays will show changes in the shape or structure of the joint, they're often not needed to confirm the diagnosis. Blood tests are sometimes helpful if there's any doubt about whether it's osteoarthritis or another type of arthritis that's causing your symptoms.

有时痛风可以影响手,这看起来很像骨关节炎。如果您的医生认为这可能是痛风,那么他们将想通过血液检查检查您的尿酸含量。乌拉特(Urate)是一种废物,通常通过肾脏从体内冲出。但是,如果建立起来,它会在关节中形成晶体,从而导致严重的疼痛和肿胀。

It's less common for the joints where your fingers meet your hand to be affected by osteoarthritis, so if you have pain and swelling in these joints your doctor may ask for blood tests to check forrheumatoid arthritis.

Psoriatic arthritiscan also affect the hands and may look similar to osteoarthritis. There are no blood tests et present for psoriatic arthritis, but this type of arthritis is linked to the skin condition psoriasis. Your doctor may therefore ask if you or anyone in your family have a history of skin problems.

控制手和腕部骨关节炎

无法治愈骨关节炎,但是有一些治疗方法可以改善您的症状,并对病情影响您的影响有所不同。

锻炼

需要定期锻炼关节以保持其健康。锻炼可以帮助缓解僵硬并提高握力,尽管还不清楚运动可以减轻多少疼痛。

Activities that put a lot of strain on your hand joints are probably best avoided – for example, lifting or carrying heavy weights, or yoga or Pilates movements where a lot of your body weight is supported by your hands.

You should try to keep moving your hand joints as normally as possible and do some specific hand exercises.

Aphysiotherapist,occupational therapist或者治疗师将能够为您建议练习,但是我们在本网页结束时提出了一些建议。这些应该有助于保持尽可能多的运动和力量,这应该有助于使日常任务更轻松。

Some people find that a soft squeezy 'stress ball' helps to ease discomfort in the hands. Or you may like to try some of these simple手指,手和手腕锻炼.

体重管理和饮食

尽管您的体重与手的骨关节炎之间的联系可能不如膝盖等承重关节清晰,但一些研究表明,超重会增加炎症并因此疼痛。因此,如果您的手或手腕患有骨关节炎,尝试保持或达到健康的体重仍然有意义。

减轻您的手和手腕上的压力

我们在日常生活中经常使用双手。如果您的手或手腕上有骨关节炎,请花一些时间考虑使用它们的使用方式,以及如何减轻它们的压力,可以带来巨大的好处。这并不意味着您不应该使用双手,只是您应该考虑以不同方式使用它们的方法。

见到职业治疗师或手部治疗师可能会有所帮助,他们将能够为此提供许多有用的建议。但是许多人自己发现了不同的做事方式,以帮助减轻关节的压力。示例包括:

  • using gadgets such as electric tin openers or tools with softer, chunkier handles that don't need such a tight grip
  • using a backpack or shopping trolley to avoid carrying heavy bags in your hands
  • taking more frequent breaks from tasks that put more strain on your joints or switching between harder and easier jobs
  • using both hands for some of the tasks that you normally do one-handed
  • 为那些易于使用的人更改了水龙头或门把手
  • 选择服装或鞋子时,请寻找易于手柄的紧固件。

Find out more about照顾你的关节.

缓解疼痛

几件事可以帮助缓解手中疼痛和炎症的症状:

Heat

在疼痛的关节上施加温暖通常有助于缓解疼痛。有时,将手放在温水中会有所帮助,尤其是当它们早上倾向于僵硬时。

有些人发现使用冰袋更有效,尤其是如果关节肿胀。将包装涂在皮肤上时,请确保不要将它们放在裸露的皮肤上,并且切勿将它们放置超过20分钟。

Aparaffin wax bath can also ease pain and stiffness for a time. The wax is heated in a container until it's soft and you dip your hands into the wax. Wax baths are mainly used in hospitals, although they are available to buy. Combining warmth with some hand exercises will give the best results.

Splints and supports

有几种类型的夹板。最好不要一直使用夹板,因为这可能会削弱您的手。当您脱掉夹板时,您还应该进行一些轻柔的手练习。

可用的夹板的主要类型是:

  • 休息夹板 - 让您保持手腕和手的休息位置保持正确的位置
  • 工作夹板 - 主要用于支撑手腕时。有不同类型的人可以为日常任务提供光支持,或者为更艰苦的活动提供了更坚定的支持。也有工作的夹板来支撑拇指底部的关节。

如果您在拇指底部的关节中患有骨关节炎,则夹板可能会有所帮助。尽管您可能不会立即注意到收益,但研究表明,拇指夹板可能会在长远来看有助于疼痛和功能。

您可以在药店,体育商店或移动设备供应商中购买夹板和支持。如果您不确定哪种类型的夹板最适合您,那么职业治疗师或手部治疗师将能够提供建议,甚至可以制作夹板以适应您的特定需求。

Read more about手和腕夹板.

药物治疗

药物可用于帮助缓解骨关节炎引起的疼痛和僵硬,但不能预防或治愈疾病本身。如果您使用这些药物来帮助您保持活跃,并且还要遵循上述技巧,以减轻您的手上的压力,那么您将获得最佳效果。

您可以尝试的一些药物和治疗方法包括:

  • NSAID creams and gels:非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)可作为凝胶或乳霜以及片剂或胶囊提供。直接应用于手的NSAID凝胶和面霜可能特别有用,通常建议您先尝试使用这些。含有布洛芬或双氯芬酸的凝胶可从药房和超市可用,但在处方时可以使用其他凝胶,例如酮酮。
  • Capsaicin cream: This often helps when other pain-relieving creams or gels haven't. It's made from the pepper plant and is available on prescription.
  • NSAID片剂和胶囊:短暂的NSAID(例如布洛芬)可以帮助减轻任何疼痛,炎症和肿胀。布洛芬在药房和超市广泛使用。其他NSAID和更高剂量的布洛芬可以在处方中获得。
  • Painkillers:简单的非处方止痛药,例如扑热息痛可能会有所帮助。如果您需要的话,您的医生可能会开出更强的止痛药,如果它们适合您,但通常仅适用于短期使用。
  • 类固醇注射:如果您患有拇指或手指的中关节,则类固醇注射可能会有所帮助,尤其是如果炎症发生了很多,以及其他形式的缓解疼痛。如果需要,可以在两者之间进行几个月的时间,可以重复几次类固醇注射。

If you're taking over-the-counter medicines, make sure you're taking them safely and as directed by your doctor or the patient information leaflet included with the drug. Make sure whoever is treating you knows all the medications you're taking.

获取有关止痛药和非甾体抗炎药或者steroid injections.

Surgery

If you have osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist and the treatments above aren't helping, there are several types of surgery that may help. These include:

  • Trapeziectomy:这包括移除一小块骨头the base of the thumb. The operation usually gives good pain relief and helps you maintain a good grip.
  • 关节融合: Very painful finger or thumb joints can be permanently fixed in a slightly bent position. This is mostly done for the smallest joints near the tips of the fingers or for the knuckle of the index finger, so it shouldn't affect your ability to grip things.
  • 滑膜切除术:这是去除关节囊的发炎衬里,称为滑膜。
  • 关节更换:可以针对手的中间和较大关节进行此操作。腕关节置换尚不常见 - 它可以帮助改善手腕运动,但运动可能不如关节炎开始之前。
  • 重建拇指韧带:这可以帮助提高力量和抓地力。
  • 腕管释放: This is sometimes needed to relieve pressure on the nerve.

Learn more abouthand and wrist surgery.